implemented power of graph function under basic methods

src/sage/graphs/generic_graph.py

@@ -15746,6 +15746,93 @@ def distance_all_pairs(self, by_weight=False, algorithm=None,
                                             weight_function=weight_function,
                                             check_weight=check_weight)[0]
 
+    def power(self, k):
+        r"""
+        Compute the kth power graph of an unweighted graph based on shortest
+        distances between nodes using BFS.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``k`` -- integer; the maximum path length for considering edges in the power graph.
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        - The kth power graph based on shortest distances between nodes.
+
+        EXAMPLES:
+
+        Testing on undirected graphs::
+
+            sage: G = Graph([(0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 0), (2, 4), (4, 5)])
+            sage: k = 2
+            sage: PG = G.power(k)
+            sage: PG.edges(sort=True, labels=False)
+            [(0, 1), (0, 2), (0, 3), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (3, 4), (4, 5)]
+
+        Testing on directed graphs::
+
+            sage: G = DiGraph([(0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 0), (2, 4), (4, 5)])
+            sage: k = 3
+            sage: PG = G.power(k)
+            sage: PG.edges(sort=True, labels=False)
+            [(0, 1), (0, 2), (0, 3), (0, 4), (1, 0), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (2, 0), (2, 1), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (3, 0), (3, 1), (3, 2), (4, 5)]
+
+        TESTS:
+
+        Testing when k < 0::
+
+            sage: G = Graph([(0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 0), (2, 4), (4, 5)])
+            sage: k = -2
+            sage: PG = G.power(k)
+            Traceback (most recent call last)
+            ...
+            ValueError: distance must be a non-negative integer, not -2
+
+        Testing when k = 0::
+
+            sage: G = Graph([(0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 0), (2, 4), (4, 5)])
+            sage: k = 0
+            sage: PG = G.power(k)
+            sage: PG.edges(sort=True, labels=False)
+            []
+
+        Testing when k = 1::
+
+            sage: G = Graph([(0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 0), (2, 4), (4, 5)])
+            sage: k = 1
+            sage: PG = G.power(k)
+            sage: PG.edges(sort=True, labels=False)
+            [(0, 1), (0, 3), (1, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (4, 5)]
+
+        Testing when k = Infinity::
+
+            sage: G = Graph([(0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 0), (2, 4), (4, 5)])
+            sage: k = Infinity
+            sage: PG = G.power(k)
+            Traceback (most recent call last)
+            ...
+            ValueError: distance must be a non-negative integer, not +Infinity
+
+        Testing on graph with multiple edges::
+
+            sage: G = DiGraph([(0, 1), (0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 0), (2, 4), (4, 5)])
+            sage: k = 3
+            sage: PG = G.power(k)
+            sage: PG.edges(sort=True, labels=False)
+            [(0, 1), (0, 2), (0, 3), (0, 4), (1, 0), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (2, 0), (2, 1), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (3, 0), (3, 1), (3, 2), (4, 5)]
+        """
+        from sage.graphs.digraph import DiGraph
+        from sage.graphs.graph import Graph
+
+        power_of_graph = DiGraph() if self.is_directed() else Graph()
+
+        for u in self:
+            for v in self.breadth_first_search(u, distance=k):
+                if u != v:
+                    power_of_graph.add_edge(u, v)
+
+        return power_of_graph
+
     def girth(self, certificate=False):
         """
         Return the girth of the graph.