Update Go to version 1.24.1, update base image to AL2023

[kellyyan]

Issue

Description

• Current base image AL2 is in maintenance mode, upgrade it to AL2023
• Upgrade Go to version 1.24.1
• Remove fmt.Sprintf from inside errors.Errorf as it is redundant and causes a non-constant string format error
• Fix vulnerability in previous PR by changing github.com/containerd/containerd to version 1.7.27 where the "Integer overflow in User ID handling" bug has been fixed
  • See vulnerability report for previous PR: https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2025-3528
  • See detailed info about vulnerability and fixes: GHSA-265r-hfxg-fhmg
• Manually tested creating ALBs and NLB

Checklist

• Added tests that cover your change (if possible)
• Added/modified documentation as required (such as the README.md, or the docs directory)
• Manually tested
• Made sure the title of the PR is a good description that can go into the release notes

BONUS POINTS checklist: complete for good vibes and maybe prizes?! 🤯

• Backfilled missing tests for code in same general area 🎉
• Refactored something and made the world a better place 🌟

[k8s-ci-robot]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is NOT APPROVED

This pull-request has been approved by: kellyyan
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[k8s-ci-robot]

Hi @kellyyan. Thanks for your PR.

I'm waiting for a kubernetes-sigs member to verify that this patch is reasonable to test. If it is, they should reply with /ok-to-test on its own line. Until that is done, I will not automatically test new commits in this PR, but the usual testing commands by org members will still work. Regular contributors should join the org to skip this step.

Once the patch is verified, the new status will be reflected by the ok-to-test label.

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[kellyyan]

Duplicate PR, closing.