📖 Essential Linux System Commands & Guides

Welcome to the Essential Linux System Commands & Guides repository! 🚀
This repository contains an extensive collection of Linux commands for efficient system management, troubleshooting, and automation.

📌 Features

✅ Covers system updates, disk management, software installation, networking, and cleanup tasks
✅ Beginner-friendly with clear explanations and command examples
✅ Useful for Sysadmins, DevOps, and Linux enthusiasts

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🛠 Key Sections

🔹 System Updates & Upgrades

Manage updates and keep your system secure.

• Update package lists:

  sudo apt update

  This command refreshes the package lists, ensuring the system has the latest information about available updates.

• Upgrade all installed packages:

  sudo apt upgrade -y

  Installs all available updates for the system. It is recommended to run this command regularly.

• Upgrade the distribution (if necessary):

  sudo apt dist-upgrade

  This command upgrades the system and makes necessary changes to dependencies that a simple upgrade might not address.

• Manually install a .deb package:

  sudo dpkg -i [filename.deb]

  Replace [filename.deb] with the actual file name. This command is used to install locally downloaded .deb packages.

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🔹 Disk Management

• List attached drives:

  lsblk

  Displays all available drives and partitions. Very useful for seeing which devices are connected.

• Check and repair a disk:

  sudo fsck /dev/sdX

  Replace sdX with the drive name. This command checks the file system for errors and repairs them if possible.

• Check disk space usage:

  df -h

  Displays available and used storage space on all drives in a human-readable format.

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🔹 System Maintenance & Cleanup

• Remove unnecessary packages:

  sudo apt autoremove

  Removes packages that are no longer needed, such as old kernel versions or libraries.

• Clean package cache:

  sudo apt autoclean

  Deletes old package files that are no longer required.

• Clear all cached packages:

  sudo apt clean

  Completely removes all stored package files from the cache.

• Delete old system logs:

  sudo journalctl --vacuum-time=2weeks

  Removes logs older than two weeks to free up disk space.

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🔹 Network Diagnostics

• Show IP addresses:

  ip a

  Displays all active network adapters and their configurations.

• Perform a ping test:

  ping google.com

  Checks the connection to a target address.

• Scan a network for devices using Nmap:

  sudo apt install nmap
  nmap 192.168.1.0/24

  Scans a network for active devices and open ports.

• Check route to a destination server:

  sudo apt install traceroute
  traceroute google.com

  Shows the path that network packets take to reach a remote host.

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🔹 Software Installation

• Install a package using APT:

  sudo apt install [package_name]

  Installs an application from the official repositories.

• Remove a package:

  sudo apt remove [package_name]

  Uninstalls an application but keeps configuration files.

• Completely remove a package and its config files:

  sudo apt purge [package_name]

• Install Snap packages:

  sudo snap install [package_name]

  Snap packages are universal and work on all Linux distributions.

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🔹 Advanced System Tools

• Timeshift (System Backups):

  sudo apt install timeshift

  Allows creating system snapshots for easy recovery.

• Htop (System Monitoring):

  sudo apt install htop

  An interactive tool for monitoring system resources like CPU and memory usage.

• BleachBit (System Cleanup):

  sudo apt install bleachbit

  Removes temporary files and frees up storage space.

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📬 Contact

💬 Email: [email protected]
🌍 GitHub: TimInTech