diff --git a/packages/runtime-dom/__tests__/customElement.spec.ts b/packages/runtime-dom/__tests__/customElement.spec.ts
index 07ea091486e..79ad4d36f54 100644
--- a/packages/runtime-dom/__tests__/customElement.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/runtime-dom/__tests__/customElement.spec.ts
@@ -852,12 +852,13 @@ describe('defineCustomElement', () => {
           return h('div', 'hello')
         },
       })
-      const Foo = defineCustomElement(def)
+      const Foo = defineCustomElement(def, {
+        extraStyles: [`div { color: green; }`],
+      })
       customElements.define('my-el-with-styles', Foo)
       container.innerHTML = `<my-el-with-styles></my-el-with-styles>`
       const el = container.childNodes[0] as VueElement
-      const style = el.shadowRoot?.querySelector('style')!
-      expect(style.textContent).toBe(`div { color: red; }`)
+      assertStyles(el, [`div { color: red; }`, `div { color: green; }`])
 
       // hmr
       __VUE_HMR_RUNTIME__.reload('foo', {
@@ -866,7 +867,52 @@ describe('defineCustomElement', () => {
       } as any)
 
       await nextTick()
-      assertStyles(el, [`div { color: blue; }`, `div { color: yellow; }`])
+      assertStyles(el, [
+        `div { color: blue; }`,
+        `div { color: yellow; }`,
+        `div { color: green; }`,
+      ])
+    })
+
+    test('extraStyles apply once and are not duplicated by child injections (and persist across child HMR)', async () => {
+      const Child = defineComponent({
+        __hmrId: 'child-extra',
+        styles: [`div { color: purple; }`],
+        render() {
+          return h('div', 'child')
+        },
+      })
+      const Parent = defineCustomElement(
+        {
+          __hmrId: 'parent-extra',
+          styles: [`div { color: red; }`],
+          render() {
+            return h(Child)
+          },
+        },
+        { extraStyles: [`div { color: green; }`] },
+      )
+      customElements.define('my-el-extra-child', Parent)
+      container.innerHTML = `<my-el-extra-child></my-el-extra-child>`
+      const el = container.childNodes[0] as VueElement
+      // Order: child (prepended after mount) -> parent -> extra
+      assertStyles(el, [
+        `div { color: purple; }`,
+        `div { color: red; }`,
+        `div { color: green; }`,
+      ])
+
+      // HMR child: extraStyles should remain and not duplicate or be removed
+      __VUE_HMR_RUNTIME__.reload('child-extra', {
+        ...Child,
+        styles: [`div { color: orange; }`],
+      } as any)
+      await nextTick()
+      assertStyles(el, [
+        `div { color: orange; }`,
+        `div { color: red; }`,
+        `div { color: green; }`,
+      ])
     })
 
     test("child components should inject styles to root element's shadow root", async () => {
diff --git a/packages/runtime-dom/src/apiCustomElement.ts b/packages/runtime-dom/src/apiCustomElement.ts
index edf7c431353..6223b36bb2b 100644
--- a/packages/runtime-dom/src/apiCustomElement.ts
+++ b/packages/runtime-dom/src/apiCustomElement.ts
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ export type VueElementConstructor<P = {}> = {
 
 export interface CustomElementOptions {
   styles?: string[]
+  extraStyles?: string[]
   shadowRoot?: boolean
   nonce?: string
   configureApp?: (app: App) => void
@@ -220,6 +221,10 @@ export class VueElement
    * @internal
    */
   _nonce: string | undefined = this._def.nonce
+  /**
+   * @internal
+   */
+  _extraStyles?: string[] = this._def.extraStyles
 
   /**
    * @internal
@@ -391,7 +396,7 @@ export class VueElement
       // apply CSS
       if (this.shadowRoot) {
         this._applyStyles(styles)
-      } else if (__DEV__ && styles) {
+      } else if (__DEV__ && (styles || this._extraStyles)) {
         warn(
           'Custom element style injection is not supported when using ' +
             'shadowRoot: false',
@@ -586,7 +591,17 @@ export class VueElement
     styles: string[] | undefined,
     owner?: ConcreteComponent,
   ) {
-    if (!styles) return
+    const fullStyles: string[] = []
+    if (styles && styles.length) {
+      fullStyles.push(...styles)
+    }
+    // Only apply extraStyles for the root element injection.
+    if (!owner) {
+      const { _extraStyles } = this
+      _extraStyles && fullStyles.push(..._extraStyles)
+    }
+    if (!fullStyles.length) return
+
     if (owner) {
       if (owner === this._def || this._styleChildren.has(owner)) {
         return
@@ -594,10 +609,10 @@ export class VueElement
       this._styleChildren.add(owner)
     }
     const nonce = this._nonce
-    for (let i = styles.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+    for (let i = fullStyles.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
       const s = document.createElement('style')
       if (nonce) s.setAttribute('nonce', nonce)
-      s.textContent = styles[i]
+      s.textContent = fullStyles[i]
       this.shadowRoot!.prepend(s)
       // record for HMR
       if (__DEV__) {