HID: input: fix confusion on conflicting mappings

On an PC-101/103/104 keyboard (American layout) the 'Enter' key and its
neighbours look like this:

           +---+ +---+ +-------+
           | 1 | | 2 | |   5   |
           +---+ +---+ +-------+
             +---+ +-----------+
             | 3 | |     4     |
             +---+ +-----------+

On a PC-102/105 keyboard (European layout) it looks like this:

           +---+ +---+ +-------+
           | 1 | | 2 | |       |
           +---+ +---+ +-+  4  |
             +---+ +---+ |     |
             | 3 | | 5 | |     |
             +---+ +---+ +-----+

(Note that the number of keys is the same, but key '5' is moved down and
 the shape of key '4' is changed. Keys '1' to '3' are exactly the same.)

The keys 1-4 report the same scan-code in HID in both layouts, even though
the keysym they produce is usually different depending on the XKB-keymap
used by user-space.
However, key '5' (US 'backslash'/'pipe') reports 0x31 for the upper layout
and 0x32 for the lower layout, as defined by the HID spec. This is highly
confusing as the linux-input API uses a single keycode for both.

So far, this was never a problem as there never has been a keyboard with
both of those keys present at the same time. It would have to look
something like this:

           +---+ +---+ +-------+
           | 1 | | 2 | |  x31  |
           +---+ +---+ +-------+
             +---+ +---+ +-----+
             | 3 | |x32| |  4  |
             +---+ +---+ +-----+

HID can represent such a keyboard, but the linux-input API cannot.
Furthermore, any user-space mapping would be confused by this and,
luckily, no-one ever produced such hardware.

Now, the HID input layer fixed this mess by mapping both 0x31 and 0x32 to
the same keycode (KEY_BACKSLASH==0x2b). As only one of both physical keys
is present on a hardware, this works just fine.

Lets introduce hardware-vendors into this:
------------------------------------------

Unfortunately, it seems way to expensive to produce a different device for
American and European layouts. Therefore, hardware-vendors put both keys,
(0x31 and 0x32) on the same keyboard, but only one of them is hooked up
to the physical button, the other one is 'dead'.
This means, they can use the same hardware, with a different button-layout
and automatically produce the correct HID events for American *and*
European layouts. This is unproblematic for normal keyboards, as the
'dead' key will never report any KEY-DOWN events. But RollOver keyboards
send the whole matrix on each key-event, allowing n-key roll-over mode.
This means, we get a 0x31 and 0x32 event on each key-press. One of them
will always be 0, the other reports the real state. As we map both to the
same keycode, we will get spurious key-events, even though the real
key-state never changed.

The easiest way would be to blacklist 'dead' keys and never handle those.
We could simply read the 'country' tag of USB devices and blacklist either
key according to the layout. But... hardware vendors... want the same
device for all countries and thus many of them set 'country' to 0 for all
devices. Meh..

So we have to deal with this properly. As we cannot know which of the keys
is 'dead', we either need a heuristic and track those keys, or we simply
make use of our value-tracking for HID fields. We simply ignore HID events
for absolute data if the data didn't change. As HID tracks events on the
HID level, we haven't done the keycode translation, yet. Therefore, the
'dead' key is tracked independently of the real key, therefore, any events
on it will be ignored.

This patch simply discards any HID events for absolute data if it didn't
change compared to the last report. We need to ignore relative and
buffered-byte reports for obvious reasons. But those cannot be affected by
this bug, so we're fine.

Preferably, we'd do this filtering on the HID-core level. But this might
break a lot of custom drivers, if they do not follow the HID specs.
Therefore, we do this late in hid-input just before we inject it into the
input layer (which does the exact same filtering, but on the keycode
level).

If this turns out to break some devices, we might have to limit filtering
to EV_KEY events. But lets try to do the Right Thing first, and properly
filter any absolute data that didn't change.

This patch is tagged for 'stable' as it fixes a lot of n-key RollOver
hardware. We might wanna wait with backporting for a while, before we know
it doesn't break anything else, though.

Cc: <[email protected]>
Reported-by: Adam Goode <[email protected]>
Reported-by: Fredrik Hallenberg <[email protected]>
Tested-by: Fredrik Hallenberg <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: David Herrmann <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <[email protected]>

Author: David Herrmann

drivers/hid/hid-input.c

@@ -1101,6 +1101,22 @@ void hidinput_hid_event(struct hid_device *hid, struct hid_field *field, struct
 		return;
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Ignore reports for absolute data if the data didn't change. This is
+	 * not only an optimization but also fixes 'dead' key reports. Some
+	 * RollOver implementations for localized keys (like BACKSLASH/PIPE; HID
+	 * 0x31 and 0x32) report multiple keys, even though a localized keyboard
+	 * can only have one of them physically available. The 'dead' keys
+	 * report constant 0. As all map to the same keycode, they'd confuse
+	 * the input layer. If we filter the 'dead' keys on the HID level, we
+	 * skip the keycode translation and only forward real events.
+	 */
+	if (!(field->flags & (HID_MAIN_ITEM_RELATIVE |
+	                      HID_MAIN_ITEM_BUFFERED_BYTE)) &&
+	    usage->usage_index < field->maxusage &&
+	    value == field->value[usage->usage_index])
+		return;
+
 	/* report the usage code as scancode if the key status has changed */
 	if (usage->type == EV_KEY && !!test_bit(usage->code, input->key) != value)
 		input_event(input, EV_MSC, MSC_SCAN, usage->hid);