Backport "Handle assertion error in TyperState" to 3.7.4 (#24028)

Backports #23665 to the 3.7.4.

PR submitted by the release tooling.
[skip ci]

Author: WojciechMazur

compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/TyperState.scala

@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@ object TyperState {
 
   opaque type Snapshot = (Constraint, TypeVars, LevelMap)
 
+  class BadTyperStateAssertion(msg: String) extends AssertionError(msg)
+
   extension (ts: TyperState)
     def snapshot()(using Context): Snapshot =
       (ts.constraint, ts.ownedVars, ts.upLevels)
@@ -43,7 +45,7 @@ object TyperState {
 }
 
 class TyperState() {
-  import TyperState.LevelMap
+  import TyperState.{LevelMap, BadTyperStateAssertion}
 
   private var myId: Int = uninitialized
   def id: Int = myId
@@ -269,8 +271,10 @@ class TyperState() {
    */
   private def includeVar(tvar: TypeVar)(using Context): Unit =
     val oldState = tvar.owningState.nn.get
-    assert(oldState == null || !oldState.isCommittable,
-      i"$this attempted to take ownership of $tvar which is already owned by committable $oldState")
+
+    if oldState != null && oldState.isCommittable then
+      throw BadTyperStateAssertion(
+        i"$this attempted to take ownership of $tvar which is already owned by committable $oldState")
     tvar.owningState = new WeakReference(this)
     ownedVars += tvar
 

compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/typer/Migrations.scala

@@ -162,6 +162,7 @@ trait Migrations:
   private def checkParentheses(tree: Tree, pt: FunProto)(using Context): Boolean =
     val ptSpan = pt.args.head.span
     ptSpan.exists
+    && tree.span.exists
     && ctx.source.content
       .slice(tree.span.end, ptSpan.start)
       .exists(_ == '(')

compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/typer/Typer.scala

@@ -4380,11 +4380,20 @@ class Typer(@constructorOnly nestingLevel: Int = 0) extends Namer
                     // But in this case we should search with additional arguments typed only if there
                     // is no default argument.
 
+            // Try to constrain the result using `pt1`, but back out if a BadTyperStateAssertion
+            // is thrown. TODO Find out why the bad typer state arises and prevent it. The try-catch
+            // is a temporary hack to keep projects compiling that would fail otherwise due to
+            // searching more arguments to instantiate implicits (PR #23532). A failing project
+            // is described in issue #23609.
+            def tryConstrainResult(pt: Type): Boolean =
+              try constrainResult(tree.symbol, wtp, pt)
+              catch case ex: TyperState.BadTyperStateAssertion => false
+
             arg.tpe match
               case failed: SearchFailureType if canProfitFromMoreConstraints =>
                 val pt1 = pt.deepenProtoTrans
-                if (pt1 `ne` pt) && (pt1 ne sharpenedPt) && constrainResult(tree.symbol, wtp, pt1)
-                then return implicitArgs(formals, argIndex, pt1)
+                if (pt1 `ne` pt) && (pt1 ne sharpenedPt) && tryConstrainResult(pt1) then
+                  return implicitArgs(formals, argIndex, pt1)
               case _ =>
 
             arg.tpe match