Rollup merge of #72310 - jyn514:peekable-next-if, r=dtolnay

Add Peekable::next_if

Prior art:

`rust_analyzer` uses [`Parser::eat`](https://github.com/rust-analyzer/rust-analyzer/blob/50f4ae798b7c54d417ee88455b87fd0477473150/crates/ra_parser/src/parser.rs#L94), which is `next_if` specialized to `|y| self.next_if(|x| x == y)`.

Basically every other parser I've run into in Rust has an equivalent of `Parser::eat`; see for example

- [cranelift](https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/blob/94190d57244b26baf36629c88104b0ba516510cf/cranelift/reader/src/parser.rs#L498)
- [rcc](https://github.com/jyn514/rcc/blob/a8159c3904a0c950fbba817bf9109023fad69033/src/parse/mod.rs#L231)
- [crunch](https://github.com/Kixiron/crunch-lang/blob/8521874fab8a7d62bfa7dea8bd1da94b63e31be8/crates/crunch-parser/src/parser/mod.rs#L213-L241)

Possible extensions: A specialization of `next_if` to using `Eq::eq`. The only difficulty here is the naming - maybe `next_if_eq`?

Alternatives:
- Instead of `func: impl FnOnce(&I::Item) -> bool`, use `func: impl FnOnce(I::Item) -> Option<I::Item>`. This has the advantage that `func` can move the value if necessary, but means that there is no guarantee `func` will return the same value it was given.
- Instead of `fn next_if(...) -> Option<I::Item>`, use `fn next_if(...) -> bool`. This makes the common case of `iter.next_if(f).is_some()` easier, but makes the unusual case impossible.

Bikeshedding on naming:
- `next_if` could be renamed to `consume_if` (to match `eat`, but a little more formally)
- `next_if_eq` could be renamed to `consume`. This is more concise but less self-explanatory if you haven't written a lot of parsers.
- Both of the above, but with `consume` replaced by `eat`.

Author: RalfJung

src/libcore/iter/adapters/mod.rs

@@ -1619,6 +1619,69 @@ impl<I: Iterator> Peekable<I> {
         let iter = &mut self.iter;
         self.peeked.get_or_insert_with(|| iter.next()).as_ref()
     }
+
+    /// Consume the next value of this iterator if a condition is true.
+    ///
+    /// If `func` returns `true` for the next value of this iterator, consume and return it.
+    /// Otherwise, return `None`.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    /// Consume a number if it's equal to 0.
+    /// ```
+    /// #![feature(peekable_next_if)]
+    /// let mut iter = (0..5).peekable();
+    /// // The first item of the iterator is 0; consume it.
+    /// assert_eq!(iter.next_if(|&x| x == 0), Some(0));
+    /// // The next item returned is now 1, so `consume` will return `false`.
+    /// assert_eq!(iter.next_if(|&x| x == 0), None);
+    /// // `next_if` saves the value of the next item if it was not equal to `expected`.
+    /// assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(1));
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// Consume any number less than 10.
+    /// ```
+    /// #![feature(peekable_next_if)]
+    /// let mut iter = (1..20).peekable();
+    /// // Consume all numbers less than 10
+    /// while iter.next_if(|&x| x < 10).is_some() {}
+    /// // The next value returned will be 10
+    /// assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(10));
+    /// ```
+    #[unstable(feature = "peekable_next_if", issue = "72480")]
+    pub fn next_if(&mut self, func: impl FnOnce(&I::Item) -> bool) -> Option<I::Item> {
+        match self.next() {
+            Some(matched) if func(&matched) => Some(matched),
+            other => {
+                // Since we called `self.next()`, we consumed `self.peeked`.
+                assert!(self.peeked.is_none());
+                self.peeked = Some(other);
+                None
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Consume the next item if it is equal to `expected`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    /// Consume a number if it's equal to 0.
+    /// ```
+    /// #![feature(peekable_next_if)]
+    /// let mut iter = (0..5).peekable();
+    /// // The first item of the iterator is 0; consume it.
+    /// assert_eq!(iter.next_if_eq(&0), Some(0));
+    /// // The next item returned is now 1, so `consume` will return `false`.
+    /// assert_eq!(iter.next_if_eq(&0), None);
+    /// // `next_if_eq` saves the value of the next item if it was not equal to `expected`.
+    /// assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(1));
+    /// ```
+    #[unstable(feature = "peekable_next_if", issue = "72480")]
+    pub fn next_if_eq<R>(&mut self, expected: &R) -> Option<I::Item>
+    where
+        R: ?Sized,
+        I::Item: PartialEq<R>,
+    {
+        self.next_if(|next| next == expected)
+    }
 }
 
 /// An iterator that rejects elements while `predicate` returns `true`.

src/libcore/tests/iter.rs

@@ -813,6 +813,30 @@ fn test_iterator_peekable_rfold() {
     assert_eq!(i, xs.len());
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn test_iterator_peekable_next_if_eq() {
+    // first, try on references
+    let xs = vec!["Heart", "of", "Gold"];
+    let mut it = xs.into_iter().peekable();
+    // try before `peek()`
+    assert_eq!(it.next_if_eq(&"trillian"), None);
+    assert_eq!(it.next_if_eq(&"Heart"), Some("Heart"));
+    // try after peek()
+    assert_eq!(it.peek(), Some(&"of"));
+    assert_eq!(it.next_if_eq(&"of"), Some("of"));
+    assert_eq!(it.next_if_eq(&"zaphod"), None);
+    // make sure `next()` still behaves
+    assert_eq!(it.next(), Some("Gold"));
+
+    // make sure comparison works for owned values
+    let xs = vec![String::from("Ludicrous"), "speed".into()];
+    let mut it = xs.into_iter().peekable();
+    // make sure basic functionality works
+    assert_eq!(it.next_if_eq("Ludicrous"), Some("Ludicrous".into()));
+    assert_eq!(it.next_if_eq("speed"), Some("speed".into()));
+    assert_eq!(it.next_if_eq(""), None);
+}
+
 /// This is an iterator that follows the Iterator contract,
 /// but it is not fused. After having returned None once, it will start
 /// producing elements if .next() is called again.

src/libcore/tests/lib.rs

@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
 #![feature(leading_trailing_ones)]
 #![feature(const_forget)]
 #![feature(option_unwrap_none)]
+#![feature(peekable_next_if)]
 
 extern crate test;